See saraf on Wiktionary
{
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{
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{
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"3": "صَرَّاف"
},
"expansion": "Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hindustani (Hindi सर्राफ़ (sarrāf) / Urdu صَرَّاف (sarrāf) and Classical Persian صَرَّاف (sarrāf), from Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sarafs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraffe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraffo",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "charaff",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraf",
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"alternative",
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]
},
{
"form": "xaroff",
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"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "xeraffo",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "saraff",
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"alternative",
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]
},
{
"form": "serof",
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"word": "shroff"
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{
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81
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"text": "He sent us to receive the money from his Saraf, or banker.",
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},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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110,
117
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"ref": "1877, James Carlile McCoan, Egypt As It Is, page 115:",
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},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"ref": "1897 July, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, page 24:",
"text": "They [Armenians] prospered as our ‘Sarrafs’.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A provider of financial services in the Middle East and in South Asia, especially (historical) during the early modern and colonial period."
],
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{
"word": "banker"
},
{
"word": "moneychanger"
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{
"word": "cashier"
},
{
"word": "usurer"
}
],
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[
"provider",
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"financial",
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[
"service",
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[
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"Middle East"
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[
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[
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"especially"
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[
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"early modern"
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[
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[
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"period"
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}
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"ipa": "/saˈɹɑːf/"
}
],
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}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ilmu saraf"
}
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"borrowed"
],
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{
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},
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"2": "nl",
"3": "nerf",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Dutch nerf",
"name": "sl"
}
],
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{
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{
"parts": [
"sa‧raf"
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}
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{
"word": "persarafan"
},
{
"word": "saraf abdusen"
},
{
"word": "saraf aferen"
},
{
"word": "saraf aksesoris"
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{
"word": "saraf akustik"
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{
"word": "saraf gerak"
},
{
"word": "saraf kranial"
},
{
"word": "saraf median"
},
{
"word": "saraf motoris"
},
{
"word": "saraf optik"
},
{
"word": "saraf otonom"
},
{
"word": "saraf otonomik"
},
{
"word": "saraf pemancar"
},
{
"word": "saraf sensoris"
},
{
"word": "saraf somatik"
},
{
"word": "saraf tepi"
},
{
"word": "saraf tulang punggung"
},
{
"word": "saraf vagus"
}
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[
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[
"nerve",
"nerve"
]
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"(medicine) nerve"
],
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"sciences"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈsaraf/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsa.raf]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-araf"
}
],
"word": "saraf"
}
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},
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"name": "der"
}
],
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}
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},
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"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "סאראף",
"tags": [
"Hebrew"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"g": "m",
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],
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}
],
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"money changer"
],
"id": "en-saraf-lad-noun-vDwVhpIV",
"links": [
[
"money changer",
"money changer"
]
],
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{
"english": "chief banker",
"translation": "chief banker",
"word": "saraf bashi"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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}
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{
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},
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"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic شَرَف (šaraf, “elevated place, eminence, dignity, honour”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سارف",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "saraf-saraf",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saraf²",
"tags": [
"plural"
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}
],
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],
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"nerve (neurons with their connective tissue sheaths, blood vessels and lymphatics)"
],
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]
}
],
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"audio": "Ms-MY-saraf.ogg",
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"tags": [
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}
],
"word": "saraf"
}
{
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},
{
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"t": "elevated place; eminence, dignity; honour"
},
"expansion": "Arabic شَرَف (šaraf, “elevated place; eminence, dignity; honour”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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],
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"word": "nervu"
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],
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{
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{
"word": "Saraf"
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{
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"3": "صَرَّاف"
},
"expansion": "Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hindustani (Hindi सर्राफ़ (sarrāf) / Urdu صَرَّاف (sarrāf) and Classical Persian صَرَّاف (sarrāf), from Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf).",
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{
"form": "sarafs",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraffe",
"tags": [
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"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraffo",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "charaff",
"tags": [
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"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraf",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroff",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "xeraffo",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "sarraf",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "saraff",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "serof",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
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},
{
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}
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{
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{
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{
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73,
81
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],
"ref": "1598, Jan Huygen van Linschoten, translated by William Phillip, Discours of Voyages into ye Easte & West Indies, Bk. i, Ch. xxxiii, p. 66:",
"text": "There is in euery place of the street exchangers of mony, by them called Xaraffos, which are all christian Iewes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
46
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],
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"text": "He sent us to receive the money from his Saraf, or banker.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
110,
117
]
],
"ref": "1877, James Carlile McCoan, Egypt As It Is, page 115:",
"text": "The mâmour... till the recent reform appointing a Controller-General of Receipts, received the taxes from the saraffs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
42
]
],
"ref": "1897 July, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, page 24:",
"text": "They [Armenians] prospered as our ‘Sarrafs’.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A provider of financial services in the Middle East and in South Asia, especially (historical) during the early modern and colonial period."
],
"links": [
[
"provider",
"provider"
],
[
"financial",
"financial"
],
[
"service",
"service"
],
[
"Middle East",
"Middle East"
],
[
"South Asia",
"South Asia"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"early modern",
"early modern"
],
[
"colonial",
"colonial"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saˈɹɑːf/"
}
],
"word": "saraf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian coinages",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian semantic loans from Dutch",
"Indonesian semantic loans from English",
"Indonesian terms coined by Komisi Istilah",
"Indonesian terms derived from Arabic",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from English",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/araf",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/araf/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "persarafan"
},
{
"word": "saraf abdusen"
},
{
"word": "saraf aferen"
},
{
"word": "saraf aksesoris"
},
{
"word": "saraf akustik"
},
{
"word": "saraf gerak"
},
{
"word": "saraf kranial"
},
{
"word": "saraf median"
},
{
"word": "saraf motoris"
},
{
"word": "saraf optik"
},
{
"word": "saraf otonom"
},
{
"word": "saraf otonomik"
},
{
"word": "saraf pemancar"
},
{
"word": "saraf sensoris"
},
{
"word": "saraf somatik"
},
{
"word": "saraf tepi"
},
{
"word": "saraf tulang punggung"
},
{
"word": "saraf vagus"
},
{
"word": "ilmu saraf"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tetum",
"lang_code": "tet",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "saraf"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "saraf"
},
"expansion": "Malay saraf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ar",
"3": "شَرَف",
"t": "elevated place; eminence, dignity; honour"
},
"expansion": "Arabic شَرَف (šaraf, “elevated place; eminence, dignity; honour”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "Komisi Istilah",
"in": "",
"nocap": "1",
"occ": "",
"w": "-"
},
"expansion": "coined by Komisi Istilah",
"name": "coinage"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "en",
"3": "nerve",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "English nerve",
"name": "sl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "nerf",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Dutch nerf",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay saraf, from Arabic شَرَف (šaraf, “elevated place; eminence, dignity; honour”).\nThe sense in medicine was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English nerve and Dutch nerf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saraf-saraf",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "saraf (plural saraf-saraf)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sa‧raf"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sa‧raf"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"id:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"nerve"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"nerve",
"nerve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) nerve"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsaraf/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsa.raf]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-araf"
}
],
"word": "saraf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms derived from Arabic",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/araf",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/araf/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ilmu saraf"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "saraf"
},
"expansion": "Malay saraf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ar",
"3": "صَرْف"
},
"expansion": "Arabic صَرْف (ṣarf)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay saraf, from Arabic صَرْف (ṣarf).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saraf-saraf",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "saraf (plural saraf-saraf)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sa‧raf"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sa‧raf"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"id:Grammar",
"id:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"inflection"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"inflection",
"inflection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar, linguistics) inflection"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsaraf/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsa.raf]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-araf"
}
],
"word": "saraf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "ar",
"3": "صَرَّاف"
},
"expansion": "Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "סאראף",
"tags": [
"Hebrew"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"heb": "סאראף"
},
"expansion": "saraf m (Hebrew spelling סאראף)",
"name": "lad-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "chief banker",
"translation": "chief banker",
"word": "saraf bashi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ladino entries with incorrect language header",
"Ladino lemmas",
"Ladino masculine nouns",
"Ladino nouns",
"Ladino nouns in Latin script",
"Ladino terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Ladino terms derived from Arabic",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"lad:Occupations"
],
"glosses": [
"money changer"
],
"links": [
[
"money changer",
"money changer"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "saraf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ar",
"3": "شَرَف",
"t": "elevated place, eminence, dignity, honour"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic شَرَف (šaraf, “elevated place, eminence, dignity, honour”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic شَرَف (šaraf, “elevated place, eminence, dignity, honour”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سارف",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "saraf-saraf",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saraf²",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "سارف"
},
"expansion": "saraf (Jawi spelling سارف, plural saraf-saraf or saraf²)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Malay terms derived from Arabic",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"nerve (neurons with their connective tissue sheaths, blood vessels and lymphatics)"
],
"links": [
[
"nerve",
"nerve"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Ms-MY-saraf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Ms-MY-saraf.ogg/Ms-MY-saraf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Ms-MY-saraf.ogg",
"tags": [
"Malaysia"
]
}
],
"word": "saraf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tet",
"2": "id",
"3": "saraf",
"t": "nerve"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Indonesian saraf (“nerve”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tet",
"2": "ar",
"3": "شَرَف",
"t": "elevated place; eminence, dignity; honour"
},
"expansion": "Arabic شَرَف (šaraf, “elevated place; eminence, dignity; honour”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Indonesian saraf (“nerve”), from Arabic شَرَف (šaraf, “elevated place; eminence, dignity; honour”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tet",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "saraf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tetum",
"lang_code": "tet",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tetum entries with incorrect language header",
"Tetum lemmas",
"Tetum nouns",
"Tetum terms borrowed from Indonesian",
"Tetum terms derived from Arabic",
"Tetum terms derived from Indonesian"
],
"glosses": [
"nerve"
],
"links": [
[
"nerve",
"nerve"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nervu"
}
]
}
],
"word": "saraf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for saraf meaning in All languages combined (11.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.